在java中 你知道String对"+"做了什么吗
导读
下面有段简单的代码
public class StringPlusTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = "aaa"; String s2 = "bbb"; String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd"; }}
使用 javap -c .\StringPlusTest.class
反编译一下,得到
Compiled from "StringPlusTest.java"public class com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest { public com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V 4: return public static void main(java.lang.String[]); Code: 0: ldc #2 // String aaa 2: astore_1 3: ldc #3 // String bbb 5: astore_2 6: new #4 // class java/lang/StringBuilder 9: dup 10: invokespecial #5 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V 13: ldc #6 // String ccc 15: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 18: aload_1 19: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 22: aload_2 23: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 26: ldc #8 // String ddd 28: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 31: invokevirtual #9 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String; 34: astore_3 35: return}
其中,
ldc 把常量池中的项压入栈 astore_1 将引用类型或returnAddress类型值存入局部变量1 astore_2 将引用类型或returnAddress类型值存入局部变量2 new 创建一个新对象 dup 复制栈顶部一个字长内容 invokespecial 根据编译时类型来调用实例方法 aload_1 从局部变量1中装载引用类型值 aload_2 从局部变量2中装载引用类型值 astore_3 将引用类型或returnAddress类型值存入局部变量3
更多指令见JVM指令手册
对于Java来说,这段代码原理上应该是:
public class StringPlusTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = "aaa"; String s2 = "bbb"; String s = new StringBuilder().append("ccc").append(s1).append(s2).append("ddd").toString(); }}
由此可见,Java中使用“+”拼接字符串的实现原理是通过建立临时StringBuilder对象调用append和toString方法实现。
对上面代码做一些修改
public class StringPlusTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = "aaa"; String s2 = null; String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd"; System.out.println(s); }}
结果是什么?
运行可以得到如下:
cccaaanullddd
查看StringBuilder源码
@Overridepublic StringBuilder append(String str) { super.append(str); return this;}
该方法调用继承父类AbstractStringBuilder的方法,再去父类中查看
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { if (str == null) return appendNull(); int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); str.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this;}private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() { int c = count; ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4); final char[] value = this.value; value[c++] = 'n'; value[c++] = 'u'; value[c++] = 'l'; value[c++] = 'l'; count = c; return this;}
appendNull方法简单来说就是容量+4,追加null字符串。
所以结果为”cccaaanullddd”。
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