使用源码编译安装Nginx服务器
导读
Compiling and Installing From the Sources
Update 2016/01/28: Updated for nginx-1.8.1 And openssl-1.0.2e.
最近使用源码安装Nginx，遇到了一些问题，特此记录下来。
1 安装前准备：
检测系统版本:
$ uname -rmsDarwin 15.3.0 x86_64
检测GCC版本：
$ gcc -vConfigured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81) Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.3.0 Thread model: posix
创建安装目录：
为了方便管理，在/usr/local/下新建一个目录webserver，以后所有的软件安装都加 —prefix=/usr/loca/webserver，都会安装到这个目录下：
$sudo mkdir webserver$pwd/usr/local/webserver
2 安装nginx的依赖库
安装pcre:
the PCRE library – required by NGINX Core and Rewrite modules and provides support for regular expressions:
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.bz2 tar jxvf pcre-8.38.tar.bz2cd pcre-8.38 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre-8.38 make make testsudo make install
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre-8.38 --with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.2e
安装zlib:
the zlib library – required by NGINX Gzip module for headers compression:
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gzcd zlib-1.2.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib make make test
安装openssl:
the OpenSSL library – required by NGINX SSL modules to support the HTTPS protocol:
$ wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz$ tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz$ cd openssl-1.0.2e$ ./Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc --prefix=/usr/local/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl$ make$ sudo make install
查看OpenSSL支持的平台列表： $./Configure LIST
注意: If configuring for 64-bit OS X, then use a command similar to: $./Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc shared enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 no-ssl2 no-ssl3 no-comp --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl/macos-x86_64 $make depend $sudo make install
If configuring for 32-bit OS X, then use a command similar to: ./Configure darwin-i386-cc shared no-ssl2 no-ssl3 no-comp --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl/macosx-i386 $make depend $sudo make install
3 安装Nginx
下载并安装Nginx:
$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz$ tar zxf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz $ export KERNEL_BITS=64$./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \ --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \ --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.2e \ --with-pcre=../pcre-8.38 \ --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.8
参数说明：
--sbin-path=path — 设置可执行文件名. 默认是:prefix/sbin/nginx. --conf-path=path — 设置配置文件名(nginx.conf). 默认是:prefix/conf/nginx.conf. --pid-path=path — 设置存放进程ID的nginx.pid文件名.默认是:prefix/logs/nginx.pid. --with-http_ssl_module 支持https协议，依赖OpenSSL库. --with-pcre=path 设置PCRE库路径,正则表达式.
4 启动Nginx:
查看版本：
$ /usr/local/nginx/nginx -vnginx version: nginx/1.8.1
执行启动命令：
$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx
浏览器查看：
打开浏览器输入：http://127.0.0.1/ 可以看到："Welcome to nginx! " 页面
命令查看:
$ curl -I 127.0.0.1 HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.8.1Date: Mon, 01 Feb 2016 12:29:30 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 612Last-Modified: Mon, 01 Feb 2016 10:25:21 GMTConnection: keep-aliveETag: "56af3291-264"Accept-Ranges: bytes
5 修改配置并重启服务:
配置文件路径：
/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
修改根目录：
默认的项目根目录：
默认的是html目录，即/usr/local/nginx/html/
location / {
root html; index index.html index.htm;
}
修改项目根目录：
location / {
root /Users/WangTom/workspace/webroot/; index index.html index.htm;
}重新启动Nginx:
// 测试配置文件$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx -tnginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful //重新加载配置文件$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload
附：问题与解决
常见错误：
报错1： 没有指定 OpenSSL 库.
内容:
./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library. You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL libraryinto the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the sourcewith nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.
分析: 启用with-http_ssl_module模块，但没有启用openssl, 启用的SSL模块需要依赖openssl库 解决: configure时增加参数 [with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.2e].
报错2: 参数配置路径出错
参数with-pcre,如果指定的是with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre-8.38,则执行 make 时会报错：
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f objs/Makefilecd /usr/local/pcre-8.38 \ && if [ -f Makefile ]; then /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make distclean; fi \ && CC="cc" CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe " \ ./configure --disable-shared /bin/sh: ./configure: No such file or directory make[1]: *** [/usr/local/pcre-8.38/Makefile] Error 127 make: *** [build] Error 2
分析： set path to PCRE library sources, 注意是PCRE的源代码的路径，不是编译安装后的路径
查看配置帮助： $ ./configure --help | grep 'pcre' --without-pcre disable PCRE library usage --with-pcre force PCRE library usage --with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources --with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE --with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support
注意是 PCRE library sources, 是PCRE的源代码。 直接去官网下载PCRE, 解压至与 nginx-1.8.1 平级的目录中
解决： 将PCRE路径指定为源代码的路径，比如：with-pcre=/softwares/pcre-8.38
报错3 ： $ sudo ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl Operating system: i686-apple-darwinDarwin Kernel Version 15.3.0: Thu Dec 10 18:40:58 PST 2015; root:xnu-3248.30.4~1/RELEASE_X86_64 WARNING! If you wish to build 64-bit library, then you have to invoke './Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc' manually. You have about 5 seconds to press Ctrl-C to abort.
解决： 配置命令使用 Configure, 而不是config, 加参数平台参数：darwin64-x86_64-cc $ sudo ./Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc --prefix=/usr/local/openssl 备注： 查看支持的平台列表:$./Configure LIST
报错4：
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "_SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb", referenced from: _ngx_http_ssl_merge_srv_conf in ngx_http_ssl_module.o "_SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb", referenced from: _ngx_http_ssl_merge_srv_conf in ngx_http_ssl_module.o "_SSL_select_next_proto", referenced from: _ngx_http_ssl_alpn_select in ngx_http_ssl_module.o "_X509_check_host", referenced from: _ngx_ssl_check_host in ngx_event_openssl.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) make[1]: *** [objs/nginx] Error 1make: *** [build] Error 2
分析： 这个报错在网上有好多种原因造成的，因此也有许多的解决办的 解决： (1)将openssl-1.0.2e目录中， 文件Makefile中的[darwin-i386-cc]全部替换成[darwin64-x86_64-cc] (2)检测自己的系统是以32位模式运行，还是以64位模式运行：
(3)要为当前启动磁盘选择 64 位内核，请在“终端”中使用下列命令：sudo systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture x86_64
// 但是设置没有生效：$ sudo systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture x86_64Password: setting kernel architecture to: x86_64 changes to kernel architecture failed to save!
(4) 执行配置NGINX命令前，增加 export KERNEL_BITS=64 命令，指定系统的运行模式为64位的。
报错5: 重启NGIXN报错： 内容:
nginx: [error] open() "/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
分析: 解决：使用nginx -c的参数指定nginx.conf文件的位置:
/usr/local/nginx/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
注意这里的nginx路径，在编译时有指定，可能像网上的有些不同，默认应该是：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
检测配置文件是否正确: (出错了，没有找到nginx.conf文件) $ sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t nginx: [emerg] open() "/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test failed 复制配置文件：(复制一份)$sudo cp nginx.conf.default nginx.conf 再次检测： (OK) $ sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
$ archi386$ uname -aDarwin MacWang.local 15.3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 15.3.0: Thu Dec 10 18:40:58 PST 2015; root:xnu-3248.30.4~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64$ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep "firmware-abi" | sed -e 's/[^0-9A-Z]//g'EFI64
参考：
http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/installing-nginx-open-source/
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003822041?_ea=392297
http://lists.apple.com/archives/macnetworkprog/2015/Jun/msg00025.html
http://www.iyunv.com/thread-18789-1-1.html
https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Compilation_and_Installation#Mac
http://www.nooidea.com/2011/02/switch-mac-into-64-bit.html
