nginx中的两个模块的proxy_pass的区别解析
导读
1.ngx_stream_proxy_module
模块的proxy_pass
指令
只能在server段使用使用, 只需要提供域名或ip地址和端口。
可以理解为端口转发,可以是tcp端口,也可以是udp端口。
server { listen 127.0.0.1:12345; proxy_pass 127.0.0.1:8080; } server { listen 12345; proxy_connect_timeout 1s; proxy_timeout 1m; proxy_pass example.com:12345; } server { listen 53 udp; proxy_responses 1; proxy_timeout 20s; proxy_pass dns.example.com:53; } server { listen [::1]:12345; proxy_pass unix:/tmp/stream.socket;
2.ngx_http_proxy_module
模块的proxy_pass
指令
- 需要在location段,location中的if段,limit_except段中使用,
- 处理需要提供域名或ip地址和端口外,还需要提供协议,如"http"或"https",
- 还有一个可选的uri可以配置。
3.proxy_pass后,后端服务器的url(request_uri)情况分析
server { listen 80; server_name www.test.com; # 情形A # 访问 http://www.test.com/testa/aaaa # 后端的request_uri为: /testa/aaaa location ^~ /testa/ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801; } # 情形B # 访问 http://www.test.com/testb/bbbb # 后端的request_uri为: /bbbb location ^~ /testb/ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/; } # 情形C # 下面这段location是正确的 location ~ /testc { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801; } # 情形D # 下面这段location是错误的 # # nginx -t 时,会报如下错误: # # nginx: [emerg] "proxy_pass" cannot have URI part in location given by regular # expression, or inside named location, or inside "if" statement, or inside # "limit_except" block in /opt/app/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf:17 # # 当location为正则表达式时,proxy_pass 不能包含URI部分。本例中包含了"/" location ~ /testd { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/; # 记住,location为正则表达式时,不能这样写!!! } # 情形E # 访问 http://www.test.com/ccc/bbbb # 后端的request_uri为: /aaa/ccc/bbbb location /ccc/ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/aaa$request_uri; } # 情形F # 访问 http://www.test.com/namea/ddd # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?namea=ddd location /namea/ { rewrite /namea/([^/]+) /yongfu?namea=$1 break; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801; } # 情形G # 访问 http://www.test.com/nameb/eee # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?nameb=eee location /nameb/ { rewrite /nameb/([^/]+) /yongfu?nameb=$1 break; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/; } access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.log; } server { listen 8801; server_name www.test.com; root /data/www/test; index index.php index.html; rewrite ^(.*)$ /test.php?u=$1 last; location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.8801.log; }
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